فرا تحلیل پژوهش‌های ایرانی درزمینۀ تأثیر زوج‌درمانی و خانواده‌درمانی در کاهش طلاق زوجین در آستانه طلاق طی سال‌های 1389-98

نوع مقاله : پژوهش اصیل

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد مشاوره خانواده، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

چکیده

طلاق و تعارض زناشویی یکی از عوامل برجسته در بروز بسیاری از رفتارهای مخرب در خانواده و جامعه است. هدف این فرا تحلیل آشکار ساختن تراز تأثیر رویکردهای زوج‌درمانی و خانواده‌درمانی (درمان‌های موج سوم، رویکردهای پست‌مدرن، رویکردهای منظومه‌ای، شناختی رفتاری، طرح‌واره درمانی، زوج‌درمانی گاتمن، روابط شی و ایماگوتراپی) روی کاهش طلاق زوجین در آستانه طلاق بود. این پژوهش با به‌کارگیری روش فرا تحلیل با یکپارچه کردن نتایج پژوهش‌ها گوناگون، اندازه اثر رویکردهای زوج‌درمانی و خانواده‌درمانی بر روی کاهش طلاق را مشخص می‌کند. 19 پژوهش که ازلحاظ روش‌شناختی شایستگی بررسی داشتند و در داخل جمهوری اسلامی ایران  طی سال‌های 89 تا 98 ه. ش انجام‌شده بودند انتخاب شدند و فرا تحلیل بر روی آن‌ها انجام شد. منابع جستجوی داده‌ها پایگاه اطلاعات علمی (SID) ، پایگاه مجلات تخصصی نور (Noormags)  ، بانک اطلاعات نشریات ایران (Magiran)، پرتال جامع علوم انسانی (ensani.ir) و  پایگاه استنادی علوم جهان اسلام(ISC) بود. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها و محاسبه اندازه اثر با استفاده از نرم‌افزار  CMA2 و شاخص  g هجز انجام شد. یافته‌های این فرا تحلیل نشان داد که تراز اندازه اثر زوج‌درمانی و خانواده‌درمانی بر زوجین در آستانه طلاق برای اثرات ثابت (73/0) و اثرات تصادفی (34/0) است. بررسی ناهمگنی اثرات با استفاده از آزمون کیو کوکران (Cochran's Q) نشان داد مجذور I برابر با 63/96 و مقدار Q برابر با 47/2502  و معنی‌دار است (01/0 > p). درنتیجه اندازه‌های اثر ناهمگن بوده و برای تحلیل تأثیرات باید مدل تصادفی مدنظر قرار گیرد. لذا مقدار اثر تصادفی که 34/0 است، به‌عنوان شاخص اندازه تأثیر پذیرفته می‌شود. مطابق جدول کوهن اندازه اثر 34/0 کوچک ارزیابی می‌شود. یافته‌ها نشان‌دهنده آن است که تراز موفقیت اثربخشی رویکردهای زوج‌درمانی و خانواده‌درمانی روی زوجین در آستانه طلاق مؤثرتر از عدم درمان است ولی نه تااندازه‌ای که به‌عنوان درمان‌های درخور برای زوجین در آستانه طلاق یادکرد. بر این اساس اندازه اثر به‌دست‌آمده در پژوهش‌های صورت گرفته در بازه کوچک قرارگرفته است. درمانگران در فرایند درمان افزون بر رویکردهای درمانی باید به عوامل مغفول مانده که در این مقاله تشریح شده است توجه داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Meta-Analysis of Iranians Researches on the Effect of Couple Therapy and Family Therapy in Reducing Divorce of Couples Approaching Divorce in the Years (2011-2020)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sayedeh Tayebeh Zamani 1
  • Omid Isanejhad 2
1 M. A, Family Counseling, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, ‘Psychopathology of Family and Training’ Research Group. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Divorce and marital conflict are important factors in the occurrence of many destructive behaviors in the family and society. Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of couple therapy and family therapy approaches (third-wave therapies, postmodern approaches, systemic, cognitive-behavioral approaches, schema therapy, Guttman's couple therapy, object relationships, and imago-therapy) on reducing divorce couples approaching divorce. Method: This research uses a meta-analysis method to integrate the results of different research to determine the extent of the effect of couple therapy and family therapy approaches on reducing divorce. 19 studies that were methodologically reviewable and were conducted within the Islamic Republic of Iran during the years 89 to 98 were selected and a meta-analysis was performed on them. The data search sources were the Scientific Database (SID), Noormags, Magiran,  The comprehensive portal of humanities (ensani.ir), and the Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC). Analysis Data and effect size calculations were performed using CMA2 software and hedge g index. Findings: The findings of this meta-analysis showed the magnitude of the effect of couple therapy and family therapy on couples on the approaching of divorce for fixed effects (0.73) and random effects (0.34). Examination of the heterogeneity of the effects using Cochran's Q test showed that square I is equal to 96.63 and the value of Q is equal to 2502/47 and is significant (p <0.01). As a result, the effect sizes are heterogeneous and a stochastic model should be considered to analyze the effects. Therefore, the value of the random effect, which is 0.34, is taken as the effect size index. According to Cohen's table, the effect size is estimated to be 0.34 small.  Conclusion: Findings show that the success rate of couple therapy and family therapy approaches for couples approaching divorce is more effective than no treatment, but not to the extent that it is mentioned as a suitable treatment for couples on the verge of divorce. Based on this, the size of the effect obtained in the research is in a small range. In addition to therapeutic approaches, therapists in the treatment process should pay attention to the neglected factors described in this article.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • couple therapy
  • divorce
  • family therapy
  • meta-analysis

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 دی 1400

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