عوامل فردی و خانوادگی زمینه‌ساز سوءاستفاده جنسی در تجارب کودکان و نوجوانان

محمدی, زهرا; احمدی, خدابخش; گودرزی, محمود; احمدیان, حمزه; صابری, سیدمهدی

doi:10.22034/fcp.2022.62347

عوامل فردی و خانوادگی زمینه‌ساز سوءاستفاده جنسی در تجارب کودکان و نوجوانان

نوع مقاله : پژوهش اصیل

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکتری مشاوره، گروه مشاوره، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران

² استاد مرکز تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله، تهران، ایران

³ دانشیارمشاوره خانواده ، واحد سنندج ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، سنندج، ایران.

⁴ استادیار روانشناسی، واحد سنندج ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، سنندج، ایران.

⁵ دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات پزشکی قانونی، سازمان پزشکی قانونی کشور، تهران، ایران

10.22034/fcp.2022.62347

چکیده

با توجه به حساسیت دوران کودکی و نوجوانی، بررسی عوامل زمینه‌ای برای پیشگیری از آسیب‌های روانی و اجتماعی مانند آزار جنسی کودکان و نوجوانان ضروری است. این مطالعه باهدف بررسی تجربیات زیسته کودکان و نوجوانان در مورد عوامل فردی و خانوادگی زمینه‌ساز آزار جنسی انجام شد. رویکرد پژوهش حاضر کیفی بود. استراتژی آن پدیدارشناسانه بود. نمونه‌گیری هدفمند از موارد بحرانی، 15 کودک و نوجوان قربانی که مورد آزار و اذیت و آزار جنسی قرارگرفته بودند و به مرکز پزشکی قانونی شهر تهران مراجعه کرده بودند، بر اساس اشباع نظری تکمیل شد. فرایند جمع‌آوری داده‌ها در طول سال 1398 انجام شد ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته بود. صدا ضبط شد و محتوا به متن تبدیل شد. سپس داده‌ها به‌صورت مفاهیم و مقولهها بودند. گروه تحقیق شامل اساتید راهنما و مشاور، اعتبار ابزار مصاحبه را تائید کردند. همچنین، شرکت‌کنندگان صحت فرآیند کدگذاری را تائید نمودند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که عوامل اصلی بروز آزار (1) عوامل فردی (اعتماد نابجا، رابطه با غریبه‌ها، سادگی، استرس، تنهایی، پوشش نامناسب، بی‌توجهی به توصیه‌های والدین و وابستگی عاطفی) بوده است؛ و (2) عوامل خانوادگی (رابطه ضعیف با والدین، جدایی والدین، سختگیری والدین، مشغله مادر، بی‌توجهی والدین، نظارت ضعیف والدین، فرار از خانه و ترس از والدین). در مقایسه نتایج با پیشینه تحقیق، مقوله‌های فردی و خانوادگی برای پیشگیری از عوامل زمینه‌ای آزار جنسی. شناسایی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.22516654.1401.12.1.4.9

عنوان مقاله [English]

Individual and Family Factors Underlying Sexual Abuse in Children and Adolescents Experience

نویسندگان [English]

Zahra Mohammadi ¹
Khodabakhsh Ahmadi ²
Mahmoud Goudarzi ³
Hamzeh Ahmadian ⁴
Seyed Mehdi Saberi ⁵

¹ PhD Student in Counseling, Counseling Department, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran

² 2. Professor of Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

³ Associate Professor of Family Counseling, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

⁴ Assistant Professor of Psychology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

⁵ Associate Professor, Forensic Medicine Research Center, Forensic Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background: Due to the sensitivity of childhood and adolescence, it is necessary to study the underlying factors to prevent psychological and social harm, such as the sexual abuse of children and adolescents. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the lived experience of children and adolescents about individual and family factors that underlie sexual abuse. Method: The approach of the present study was qualitative. Its strategy was phenomenological. A targeted sampling of critical cases, 15 children and adolescent victims have chosen who experienced sexual harassment and abuse and were referred to the Legal Medicine Center in Tehran, was completed based on theoretical saturation. The data collection process was during 2019. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. It was audio-recorded, and the content was converted into text. Then, the data were as concepts and categories. The research team, including the researcher, supervisors, and consultants, confirmed the validity of the interview tool. Also, the Participants confirmed the correctness of the coding process. Findings: Research Findings showed that the main factors in the occurrence of abuse were (1) individual factors (misplaced trust, relationship with strangers, simplicity, stress, loneliness, inappropriate coverage, disregard for parental advice, and emotional dependence); And (2) family factors (poor relationship with parents, parental separation, parental strictness, busy motherhood, inconsideration by parents, poor parental supervision, running away from home, and fear of parents).Conclusion: individual and family categories and comparing the results with the research background, identifying to prevent the underlying cause of sexual abuse.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

children and adolescents
sexual abuse
underlying factors
individual and family

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