تدوین دست نامه راهنمای هنر درمانی مادر-محور و آزمون اثر آن بر رابطه مادر و کودک برای خانواده‌های دارای کودکان دچار اختلالات طیف درخودماندگی

نوع مقاله : پژوهش اصیل

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی. دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

2 دانشیار پژوهشکده خانواده، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری روان شناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

اختلالات طیف درخودماندگی به‌عنوان یکی از وخیم­ترین و پیچیده­ترین اختلالات روان‌شناختی کودکان شناخته‌شده است که با مشکلاتی چون نقص کیفی در روابط اجتماعی، کلامی و رفتارها، حرکات تکراری، کلیشه‌ای و محدود همراه است. این مشکلات در روند ارتباط و تعاملات این کودکان با سایرین و اعضای خانواده به‌خصوص مادران آن­ها اثر منفی و آسیب­زایی دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تدوین دست نامه راهنمای هنر درمانی مادر-محور و چگونگی اثربخشی آن بر رابطه مادر و کودک انجام‌گرفته است. روش مورداستفاده در پژوهش حاضر، روش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش­آزمون_ پس­آزمون، همراه با گروه کنترل و پیگیری (دوماهه) است. تعداد بیست مادر و کودک دارای اختلالات طیف درخودماندگی از میان مادران و کودکانی که به کلینیک آموزش و پژوهش کودکان با اختلال ویژه دانشگاه شهید بهشتی مراجعه کرده­اند، انتخاب‌شده و به‌طور تصادفی در دو گروه ده‌نفره آزمایش و کنترل قرار داده شدند. هر دو گروه در سه مرحله، پیش و پس از مداخله و دو ماه بعد از مداخله به مقیاس  رابطه مادر و کودک پیانتا  (Pianta, 1992) پاسخ دادند. برای تحلیل داده­ها از شاخص­های توصیفی و روش­های آماری t استیودنت و تحلیل واریانس آمیخته استفاده‌شده است. یافته­ها نشان داد که دست نامه راهنمای هنر درمانی مادر-محور به‌طور معناداری رابطه مثبت مادر و کودک را در گروه آزمایش افزایش داده است؛ افزایش صمیمیت  (F=8.49,sig<0.001) کاهش تعارض (F=47.52,sig<0.001) و کاهش وابستگی (F=13.29,sig<0.001). به‌عبارت‌دیگر تعارض و وابستگی در رابطه مادر و کودک دارای اختلالات طیف درخودماندگی کاهش و نزدیکی افزایش‌یافته است. درنتیجه اثربخشی دست نامه راهنمای هنر درمانی مادر-محور مورد تائید است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Compilation of the Manual of Mother-Centered Art Therapy and Evaluate its Effect on the Mother-Child Relationship for Families with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kiana Zadeh mohamadi 1
  • Ali Zade Mohammadi 2
  • Hale Ofoghi 3
1 M.A, Clinical Psychology, faculty of psychology and educational sciences of Tehran south Islamic Azad University. Tehran. Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Ph.D Candidate in Exceptional Child Psychology, faculty of psychology and educational sciences of shiraz Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Autism spectrum disorders are known as one of the most serious and complex psychological disorders in children, that is associated with problems such as deficits in social, verbal, and behavioral relationships, repetitive, stereotypical, and limited movements. These problems harm the process of communication and interactions of these children with others and family members, especially their mothers. Objective: The study aimed to compile a Manual for mother-centered art therapy, and how it affects the mother-child relationship. Method: The method is a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control and follow-up group (two months). Twenty mothers and children with autism spectrum disorders were selected from mothers and children who were referred to the clinic for children with special disorders at Shahid Beheshti University and were randomly assigned to two experimental (N=10) and control groups (N=10). Both groups completed the Pianta Mother-Child relationship scale (Pianta, 1992) in three stages, before and after the intervention and two months after the intervention. Descriptive indices Student t-test and mixed analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that the Manual mother-centered art therapy significantly increased the positive relationship between mother and child in the experimental group; increased intimacy (F = 8.49; sig <0.001) and decreased conflict (F = 47.52; sig<0.001) and decreased dependence (F = 13.29; sig <0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the conflict and dependence in the relationship between mother and child with autism spectrum disorders have decreased and intimacy has increased. As a result, the effectiveness of the mother-centered art therapy manual is confirmed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • autism
  • the manual of mother-centered art therapy guide
  • mother-child relationship

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 فروردین 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 09 خرداد 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 مرداد 1400

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