بررسی تجربه زیسته زوجین ایرانی از تعارض های زناشویی: یک مطالعه کیفی

زربخش, محمد; امان الهی, عباس; عباسپور, ذبیح الله; رجبی, غلامرضا

doi:10.22034/fcp.2026.141076.2226

بررسی تجربه زیسته زوجین ایرانی از تعارض های زناشویی: یک مطالعه کیفی

نوع مقاله : کیفی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکتری مشاوره، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

² گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز،اهواز. ایران

³ عضو هیات علمی گروه مشاوره دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

⁴ هیات علمیاستاد، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

10.22034/fcp.2026.141076.2226

چکیده

تعارض‌های زناشویی می‌توانند بنیان خانواده را تهدید کرده و پایداری روابط زوجین را به خطر بیندازند. برای پیشگیری و مدیریت این تعارض‌ها، شناخت آن‌ها در بافت فرهنگی ایران ضروری است. این مطالعه با روش کیفی و رویکرد پدیدارشناسی به بررسی تجربه زیسته زوجین ایرانی از تعارض‌های زناشویی و شناسایی حوزه‌های رایج آن پرداخته است. پژوهش در سال 1402 انجام شد و شرکت‌کنندگان از سراسر ایران و از طریق نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و به صورت اینترنتی انتخاب شدند. فرایند انتخاب تا اشباع نظری ادامه یافت که این اشباع پس از مصاحبه با 41 نفر حاصل شد. معیارهای ورود شامل داشتن تجربه مستقیم تعارضات زناشویی، تمایل به مشارکت، و توانایی بازگو کردن تجارب به‌صورت شفاف بود، و معیار خروج شامل انصراف از پژوهش یا عدم تکمیل مصاحبه بود. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق و بدون ساختار جمع‌آوری شدند که مدت زمان آن‌ها بین 35 تا 55 دقیقه بود. سوالات مصاحبه بر شناسایی تجارب زیسته و حوزه‌های رایج تعارض زناشویی متمرکز بودند. مصاحبه‌ها ضبط، رونویسی، و با روش کلایزی تحلیل شدند. نتایج تحلیل، ده حوزه اصلی تعارض زناشویی را شناسایی کرد که شامل کیفیت رابطه، خانواده و تأثیرات بیرونی، اعتماد، همکاری و هماهنگی، پویایی قدرت و آزادی، مسائل جدی، نگرانی‌های مالی و شغلی، مسائل معنوی و مذهبی، مسائل مرتبط با کودکان، و بهداشت فردی و نظم بود. یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌توانند در افزایش آگاهی متخصصان از تعارض‌های زوجین در فرهنگ ایرانی و طراحی مداخلات هدفمند بر این اساس، توسعه ابزارهای سنجش تعارض‌های زناشویی، و تولید محتوای آموزشی برای رسانه‌های عمومی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

زوج درمانی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring the Lived Experiences of Iranian Couples Regarding Marital Conflicts: A Qualitative Study

نویسندگان [English]

mohammad zarbakhsh ¹
Abas Amanelahi ²
Zabihollah Abbaspour ³
Gholamreza Rajabi ⁴

¹ Ph.D. Candidate of Counseling, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

² Counseling Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Department of counseling, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

⁴ Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background: Marital conflicts can threaten the foundation of the family and jeopardize the stability of spousal relationships. Understanding these conflicts within the cultural context of Iran is essential for their prevention and management. Objective: This study employed a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of Iranian couples regarding marital conflicts and to identify common domains of disagreement. Method: The research was conducted in 2023, and participants were recruited from across Iran through purposive sampling via online platforms. Recruitment continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, which occurred after conducting interviews with 41 individuals. Inclusion criteria included having direct experience of marital conflicts, willingness to participate, and the ability to articulate their experiences clearly, while exclusion criteria included withdrawal from the study or failure to complete the interview. Data were collected through in-depth, unstructured interviews lasting between 35 to 55 minutes. The interviews focused on identifying participants' lived experiences and the common domains of marital conflict. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. Findings: The analysis identified ten primary domains of marital conflict: relationship quality (e.g., emotional connection), family and external influences (e.g., family interference), trust (e.g., infidelity and jealousy), cooperation and coordination (e.g., task management), power dynamics and autonomy (e.g., restrictions and control), serious issues (e.g., anger and threats), financial and occupational concerns, spiritual and religious matters, child-related issues, and personal hygiene and orderliness. Conclusion: The findings of this study can enhance professionals’ awareness of common marital conflicts among Iranian couples and inform the design of targeted interventions, the development of conflict assessment tools, and the production of educational content for public dissemination.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Marital conflicts
Lived experiences of couples
Qualitative study
Colaizzi’s method

مراجع

References

Abbas, R. K., Pataki, S. P., Folberg, A. M., Juarez, C., & Ryan, C. S. (2022). It's Hard to Be Everything at Once": Israeli Arab Women Balancing Work, Family, and Community Roles. European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 8(3), 47-66. http:/dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v8i3.1396

Akbari, Y. (2020). Factors Related To The Occurrence Of Conflict, Between Couples Based On National Family Survey Data In Iran. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 21(4), 22-46. https://doi.org/10.22034/jsi.2021.244640

Amato, P. R., & Booth, A. (1997). A generation at risk: Growing up in an era of family upheaval. Harvard University Press.

Armanpanah, a., sajjadian, i., & nadi, m. a. (2020). The Mediating Role of Marital Conflicts in the Relationship between Communication Beliefs, Emotional Disorders, Marital Relationships, and Marital Satisfaction of Women with Addicted Spouses [Research]. Research on Addiction, 14(55), 9-28. https://doi.org/10.29252/etiadpajohi.14.55.9

Azadarmaki, T., & Bahar, M. (2006). Families in Iran: Changes, challenges and future. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 37(4), 589-608. https:/doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.37.4.589

Bahagia, B., Muniroh, L., Halim, A. K., Wibowo, R., Al Wahid, M. A., & Noor, Z. M. (2022). The Factors and Detrimental Impact Of Parent Divorce. EDUKATIF: JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN, 4(5), 6401-6407. https://edukatif.org/index.php/edukatif/article/view/2694

Blanchard, K., Olmstead, C., & Lawrence, M. (2021). Trust works! Four keys to building lasting relationships. William Morrow.

Calasso, R. (2019). The marriage of Cadmus and Harmony. Penguin UK.

Cheraghi, M., Mazaheri, M. A., Mootabi, F., Panaghi, L., Sadeghi, M. S., & Salmani, K. (2018). Family Triad Systemic Scale: An Instrument for Assessment of Relationships between Couple and Families of Origin. Journal of Family Research, 13(3), 343-360. https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_97571_124b69b8caf9d1f60a58bff4ed7d7f0f.pdf

Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R. S. Valle & M. King (Eds.), Existential-Phenomenological Alternatives for Psychology (pp. 48-71). . NY: Oxford University Press. https://philpapers.org/rec/COLPRA-5

Dew, J., & Dakin, J. (2011). Financial disagreements and marital conflict tactics. Journal of Financial Therapy, 2(1), 23-42. https:/doi.org/10.4148/jft.v2i1.141

Dillon, H. N. (2005). Family violence and divorce: Effects on marriage expectations East Tennessee State University]. https://www.proquest.com/openview/ffd5a7cac8d0db21b6e93df43520fcd9/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

Dillon, L. M., Nowak, N., Weisfeld, G. E., Weisfeld, C. C., Shattuck, K. S., Imamoğlu, O. E., Butovskaya, M., & Shen, J. (2015). Sources of marital conflict in five cultures. Evolutionary Psychology, 13(1), 1-15. https:/doi.org/10.1177/147470491501300101

Falcke, D., Wagner, A., & Mosmann, C. P. (2018). The relationship between family of origin and marital adjustment: A systematic review. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 10(1), 51–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/08975350801905020

Frye, N., Ganong, L., Jensen, T., & Coleman, M. (2020). A dyadic analysis of emotion regulation as a moderator of associations between marital conflict and marital satisfaction among first-married and remarried couples. Journal of Family Issues, 41(12), 2328-2355. https:/doi.org/10.1177/0192513X20935504

Gottman, J. M., & Gottman, J. S. (2014). The Gottman 19 Areas Checklist for Solvable and Perpetual Problems. The Gottman Institute, Inc. https://www.postpartum.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Clancy-and-Cross-Gottman2-Handout.pdf

Gottman, J. M., & Gottman, J. S. (2017). The natural principles of love. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 9(1), 7–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12182

Hooshmandi, R., Ahmadi, K., & Kiamanesh, A. (2019). Analysis of the causes of marital conflict in the last two decades (a systematic review). Journal of Psychological Science, 18(79), 819–828. http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-365-fa.html

Jahani Dolatabad, E. (2017). A theoretical explanation of marital conflicts by paradigmatic approach. Journal of Family Research, 13(1), 109-130. https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_97523.html?lang=fa

Jeong, H., Yim, H. W., Lee, S.-Y., Lee, H. K., Potenza, M. N., Jo, S.-J., & Son, H. J. (2020). A partial mediation effect of father-child attachment and self-esteem between parental marital conflict and subsequent features of internet gaming disorder in children: a 12-month follow-up study. BMC public health, 20, 1-10. https:/doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08615-7

Johnson, M. D., & Anderson, J. R. (2013). The longitudinal association of marital confidence, time spent together, and marital satisfaction. Family process, 52(2), 244-256. https:/doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2012.01417.x

Joulazadeh Esmaeili, A. a., Karimi, J., Goodarzi, K., & Asgari, M. (2021). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based and Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy on Unadjusted Couples' depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 13(1), 47-64. https://doi.org/10.22075/jcp.2021.21084.1934

Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (2020). Research on marital satisfaction and stability in the 2010s: Challenging conventional wisdom. Journal of marriage and family, 82(1), 100-116. https:/doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12635

Khamseh, A. (2020). New Strategies in Couple Therapy. Arjmand Publications.

Khodadust, S., & Ebrahimi Moghadam, H. (2020). Effectiveness of Olson circumplex model training on attachment styles and marital conflicts in couples exposed emotional divorce. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 9(2), 53-72. https://doi.org/10.22034/fcp.2020.61433

Lindová, J., Průšová, D., & Klapilová, K. (2020). Power distribution and relationship quality in long-term heterosexual couples. Journal of sex & marital therapy, 46(6), 528-541. https:/doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2020.1761493

Neilands, T. B., Dworkin, S. L., Chakravarty, D., Campbell, C. K., Wilson, P. A., Gomez, A. M., Grisham, K. K., & Hoff, C. C. (2019). Development and validation of the power imbalance in couples scale. Archives of sexual behavior, 48, 763-779. https:/doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1190-y

Ojo Adeshina Akinwumi, E. (2017). Personality traits and sexual satisfaction as determinants of marital satisfaction among couples in Ibadan. Gender and Behaviour, 15(1), 8421-8441. https:/hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-88ebb4689

Papp, L. M. (2018). Topics of marital conflict in the everyday lives of empty nest couples and their implications for conflict resolution. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 17(1), 7-24. https:/doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2017.1302377

Park, T.-Y., & Park, Y. (2019). Contributors influencing marital conflicts between a Korean husband and a Japanese wife. Contemporary Family Therapy, 41, 157-167. https:/doi.org/10.1007/s10591-018-9475-9

Rabbani, S., Dayyarian, M. M., & Namdarpour, F. (2022). Qualitative investigation of the causes of conflict between couples in an exploratory study. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 65(5), 2211-2224. https:/doi.org/10.22038/mjms.2022.67921.4027

Rao, S. L. (2017). Marital adjustment and depression among couples. The international Journal of Indian psychology, 4(2), 34-42. https:/doi.org/10.25215/0402.045

Ravitch, S. M., & Carl, N. M. (2015). Qualitative Research: Bridging the Conceptual, Theoretical, and Methodological. SAGE Publications.

Razeghi, N., & Eslami, A. (2015). A qualitative study of the causes of conflict in the family. The Women and Families Cultural-Educational, 10(32), 53–72. https://cwfs.ihu.ac.ir/article_201669.html

Shorey, R. C., Stuart, G. L., McNulty, J. K., & Moore, T. M. (2014). Acute alcohol use temporally increases the odds of male perpetrated dating violence: A 90-day diary analysis. Addictive behaviors, 39(1), 365-368. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.10.025

Speziale, H. S., Streubert, H. J., & Carpenter, D. R. (2011). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Synyshyna, V. (2022). Psychological factors of conflicts in young families. Higher Education of Ukraine in the Context of Integration to European Educational Space, 89(II) 1), 242-254. https://doi.org/10.38014/osvita.2022.89.22

Tasew, A. S., & Getahun, K. K. (2021). Marital conflict among couples: The case of Durbete town, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Cogent Psychology, 8(1), 1-17. https:/doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2021.1903127

Tolorunleke, C. A. (2014). Causes of marital conflicts amongst couples in Nigeria: Implication for counselling psychologists. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140, 21-26. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.381

Trübner, M. (2022). Conflicts over the division of domestic work: A matter of gender-specific expectations and needs. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 39(9), 2825-2846. https:/doi.org/10.1177/02654075221089043

Tsai, M., Yard, S., & Kohlenberg, R. J. (2014). Functional analytic psychotherapy: A behavioral relational approach to treatment. Psychotherapy, 51(3), 364-371. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036506

Weld, C., & Eriksen, K. (2006). The challenge of religious conflicts in couples counseling. The Family Journal, 14(4), 383-391. https:/doi.org/10.1177/1066480706291110

Whisman, M. A., Gilmour, A. L., & Salinger, J. M. (2018). Marital satisfaction and mortality in the United States adult population. Health psychology, 37(11), 1041. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000677

Williamson, H. C., Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (2022). Research on marital relationships: Current status and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 73, 543–570. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923383.00031

Yoo, G., & Joo, S. (2022). Love for a marriage story: the association between love and marital satisfaction in middle adulthood. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(6), 1570-1581. https:/doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02055-6

Zaheri, F., Dolatian, M., Shariati, M., Simbar, M., Ebadi, A., & Azghadi, S. B. H. (2020). The concept and aspects of a successful marriage as stated by successful iranian couples and experts: A qualitative study. Crescent journal of medical and biological sciences, 7(2), 159-169. http://eprints.bmsu.ac.ir/id/eprint/8889