Study the Effectiveness of Moral, Spiritual and Cultural Intelligence Training on Marital Maladjustment in Women

Document Type : Original

Authors

1 PhD student of counseling, University of Allameh Tabataba,Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of counseling, University of Allameh Tabataba,Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor of counseling, University of Allameh Tabataba, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Purpose: This research was carried out with the purpose of Study the effectiveness of moral, spiritual and cultural intelligence training on marital maladjustment women. Methods: To conduct this research 20 person were selected with goal oriented sampling method and then assigned in 2 groups (control & experimental) randomly. Instruments were marital adjustment questioner (Spanier ,1976). The research type was semi-experimental with pre- post test design. The experimental group was provided with the 10 session’s interventions. Multiple analyze of covariance (MANCOVA) used for analyzing data. Findings: Findings showed that, generally, there are significant differences between 2 groups in marital adjustment and its components (dyadic satisfaction, dyadic cohesion, dyadic consensus and affection expression). Conclusion: Considering the significant differences between 2 groups in marital satisfaction, enhancing moral, spiritual and cultural intelligences can be effective in improving interpersonal &marital relationships. In whole findings indicated the importance of the moral, spiritual and cultural intelligence training program to couples.

Keywords


Amerikaner, M. Monks, G, Wolfe, P. & Thomas, S. (1994). Family interactionand individual psychological health. Journal of counseling and Development. 72(6), 614-623.
 
Ang, S. , Van Dyne, L. , Koh, C. , Ng, K. Y. , Templer, K. J. , Tay, C. , Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural Intelligence: Its measurement and Effects on Cultural Judgment and Decision Making, Cultural Adaptation, and Task Performance. Management and Organization Review, 3, 335-371.
 
Antonaccio, O. & Tittle, C. R. (2008). Morality, self-control, and crime. Criminology, 46(2): 479-510.
Bar-on, R., & Parker, J.D.A. (2006). Handbook of emotional intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey -Boss.
 
Borba, M. (2001). Building Moral Intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Borba, M. (2005). The step- by – step plan to building moral intelligence, Nurtuing Kids Heart & Souls, National Educator Award, National council of self-esteem.Jossey-Bass.
 
Brislin, R. , Worthley, R. , & MacNab, B. (2006). Cultural intelligence: Understanding behaviors that serve people‟s goals. Group and Organization Management, 31, 40-55.
 
Clarken, R. H. (2009). Moral Intelligence in the Schools. School of Education, Northern Michigan University.
Cotton , S. Larkin , E. Hoopes , A. cromer ,B. A. &Rosenthal , S. L. (2005). The impact of adolescentspirituality on depressive symptoms and health risk behaviors. Journal of adolescent health , 36, 520-540.
 
Crystal, D. (2008). Txtng: The Gr8 Db8. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 
Earley P. C. & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: individual interactions across cultures. Stanford, CA. Stanford Business Books.
 
Earley, P. C. , & Mosakowski, E. (2005). Culturalintelligence. Harvard Business Review, 82, 139–153.
 
Fincham,F. D. & Steven , R. H. (2004). Forgiveness and conflict Resolution in marriage, Journal of familypsychology, 18, 72-81.
 
Gordon, K. C, Hughes, F. M, Tomcik, N. D, Dixon, L. J, & Litzinger, S. C. (2009). Widening Sphers of impact:The role of Forgiveness in Martial and Family Functining, Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 1, 1-13.
 
Hafizah, NH, Zaihairul, I. & Geshina, A M. (2012). Moral Competencies among Malaysian Youth. Health and the Environment Journal, 2, Vol 3. No 3.1-10.
 
Hill, E. (2001). Understanding forgiveness as discovery: Implications for marital and family therapy,contemporary family therapy, 23 , 4, 369-384.
 
Jahnson, M. P, (1995). Patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence two forms of violence againstwomen,Journal of Marriage and the family, 57, 283-294.
 
Meraviglia, M. G. (1999). Critical analysis ofspirituality and its empirical indicators: Prayerand meaning in life. Journal of HospitalNursing, 17, 18-33.
 
Nasel, D. D.(2004)Spiritual Orientation in Relation to Spiritual Intelligence: A consideration of traditional Christianity and New Age/individualistic spirituality; Unpublished thesis. Australia: The University of South Australia.
 
Richter, R. J. (2002). Correlation of psychological well-being and Christian spiritual well-being at a small Christian liberal arts college in the urban Midwest. CHARIS, 2(1), 39-46.
 
Spanier , G. B. (1985). Improve, refine, recast, expand, clarify—don“t abandon. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 1073-1074.
 
Spanier, G. & Cole,C. (1976). Toward clarification and investigation of marital adjustment. International journal of sociology of the family,6,121-146.
Sternberg J., R. (1999). Successful Intelligence: Finding a Balance, Trendsin cognitive sciences, vol. 3,No. 11.436-442.
Superson, A. (2009). The Moral Skeptic. Oxford University Press. 127–159.
 
Veughan, F. (2003). What is spiritual intelligence? Journal of humanisticpsychology. 42, (2). 16-33.
 
Wikstrom, P. H. & Treiber, K. (2007). The role of self-control in crime causation. European Journal of Criminology, 4:237–64.
 
Yip, T. H & Tse, W. S. (2009). Relationship among dispositinal forgiveness of others, interpersonal adjustmentand psychological well-being, Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 3, 365-368.
 
Zohar, D, & Marshall,I. (2000). SQ: Connecting with our Spiritual Intelligence. New York, NY: Bloomsbury press.