Effect of Vertical and Horizontal Stresses of Disengaged Families on the Psychopathological Symptoms Resulting from the Spread of Covid-19 News: A Qualitative Study

Document Type : Qualitative

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Sepideh Masoumi Ala MA student of General Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran.

Abstract

The news of Covid-19 has caused unexpected stress in all aspects of society and is likely to increase stress-related disorders in many parts of the world. If this unprecedented challenge is neglected, the world will face serious problems. Therefore, this study aimed to qualitatively study the effect of vertical and horizontal stresses of disengaged families on the Psychopathological symptoms of the news of Covid-19. The study population included all students of Tabriz University in the academic year 2020-2021. To conduct this qualitative research, among the students, 12 Disengaged families were selected by the targeted sampling method. The Family Adaptability and Correlation Scale were used for screening. The main method of data collection was semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions and the data were analyzed by the Smith (1995) method. The accuracy and validity of the present study were rooted in the four axes of "Reliability, Transferability, Certification, and Reliability”. Findings from the experiences of families in the five main themes of "Stressors in the home quarantine period", "Responsibility distribution mechanism", "Family support mechanism", "Adaptive problems" and "Psychopathological symptoms" and several subs were summarized. In general, the results showed that some factors of disengaged families, such as the incompatible mechanism of responsibility distribution and family support, cause them when horizontal stress (presence of underlying diseases in family members, educational problems, and Occupational problems) and vertical stress (the news of Covid-19 and the economic crisis of society) occurred simultaneously, faced with double psychological stress, and in such families showed Psychopathological symptoms and They had adaptation problems.

Keywords

References

 
Iddir, M., Brito, A., Dingeo, G., Fernandez Del Campo, S. S., Samouda, H., La Frano, M. R., & Bohn, T. (2020). Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients, 12(6), 1562.‏ [Linke]
Adibhajbagheri, M., parvizy, S., & Salsali, M. (2010). Qualitative Research methods, Tehran: Bashari. [Persian] [Linke]
Adibhajbagheri, M., parvizy, S., & Salsali, M. (2011). Qualitative Research methods, Tehran: Bashari. [Persian] [Linke]
Ahmadi, L., Panaghi, L., & Sadeghi, M. (2018). Relationship between autonomy and intimacy of the family of origin with marital adjustment: role of personality factors, Journal of Family Research, 14(53), 39-56. [Persian] [Linke]
Amani, A., Khaleghpanah, K., & Mohamadi, A. (2020). Lived experience of betrayed women in a marital relationship in Sanandaj. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 9(2), 255-272. [Persian] [Linke]
Bostean, G., Andrade, F. C. D., & Viruell‐Fuentes, E. A. (2019). Neighborhood stressors and psychological distress among US Latinos: Measuring the protective effects of social support from family and friends. Stress and Health, 35(2), 115-126. [Linke]
Brown, S. M., Doom, J. R., Lechuga-Peña, S., Watamura, S. E., & Koppels, T. (2020). Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Child abuse & neglect, 110, 104699.  [Linke]
Campione‐Barr, N., Rote, W., Killoren, S. E., & Rose, A. J. (2021). Adolescent Adjustment During COVID‐19: The Role of Close Relationships and COVID‐19‐related Stress. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 31(3), 608-622.‏ [Linke]
Carlos, W. G., Dela Cruz, C. S., Cao, B., Pasnick, S., & Jamil, S. (2020). Novel wuhan (2019-nCoV) coronavirus. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 201(4), P7-P8.‏ [Linke]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019 Novel coronavirus, Wuhan, China. Information for Healthcare Professionals. [Linke]
Gharadaghi, A., Shafiabadi, A., Hossein Rashidi, B., Kiumars, F., & Esmaeili, M. (2015). Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) for pregnant Women to Increase Marital Satisfaction. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4(4), 583-605. [Persian] [Linke]
Giauque, A. L. (2005). Relationships between cohesion and depression in parents of children with developmental disabilities.‏ [Linke]
Goldenberg, A., & Goldenberg, H (2019). family therapy, (Translated by Hamid Reza Hasan Shahi Parvati, Siamak Naqshbandi, and Elham Arjmad), Tehran: Ravan. [Persian] [Linke]
Hamrang gabalo, I., Gharadaghi, A., & Nemati, S. (2020). Exemplary child abuse from parents perspectives: qualitative content analysis, Journal of Pediatric Nursing 6(3), 1-13. [Persian] [Linke]
Heshmati, R., Gharadaghi, A., Jafari, E., & Gholizadehgan, M. (2017). The prediction of marital burnout in couples seeking divorce with awareness of demographic features, mindfulness, and emotional resilience. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 7(1), 1-22. [Persian] [Linke]
Horesh, D., & Brown, A. D. (2020). Traumatic stress in the age of COVID-19: A call to close critical gaps and adapt to new realities. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(4), 331.‏ [Linke]
Huang, J. Z., Han, M. F., Luo, T. D., Ren, A. K., & Zhou, X. P. (2020). Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Zhonghua Lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi= Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi= Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases, 38, E001-E001.‏ [Linke]
Islam, S. D. U., Bodrud-Doza, M., Khan, R. M., Haque, M. A., & Mamun, M. A. (2020). Exploring COVID-19 stress and its factors in Bangladesh: a perception-based study. Heliyon, 6(7), e04399.‏ [Linke]
Kaveh Farsani, Z., & Mahdieh, A. (2020). Exploring couple strategies in the face of marital conflict: A grounded theory, Journal of Family Research, 16(1), 95-77. [Persian] [Linke]
Khodadadi jokar, F., Sharifi Fard, S., & Askari, S. (2019). Investigating the role of attachment styles and mental health in interpersonal relationships. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 9(1), 75-88. [Persian] [Linke]
Khodadust, S., & Ebrahimi Moghadam, H. (2020). Effectiveness of Olson circumplex model training on attachment styles and marital conflicts in couples exposed emotional divorce. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 9(2), 53-72. [Persian] [Linke]
Khodadust, S., Ebrahimi Moghadam, H. (2020). Effectiveness of Olson circumplex model training on attachment styles and marital conflicts in couples exposed emotional divorce. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 9(2), 53-72. [Persian]  [Linke]
Khosrojerdi, Z., Pourshahriar, H., & Heydari, M. (2019). Predicting the adolescent character strengths and attachment to parents and peers based on conflicts with the parent, Journal of Family Research, 15(3), 347-360. [Persian] [Linke]
‏LeCloux, M., Maramaldi, P., Thomas, K. A., Maramaldi, P., Thomas, K. A., & Wharff, E. A. (2017). A longitudinal study of health care resources, family support, and mental health outcomes among suicidal adolescents. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 17(1), 319-338. [Linke]
Mcgldrick, M., Garcia Preto, N., Carter, B. (2016). The expanding family life cycle: individual, family, and social perspectives 5th edition. Printed in the United States of America. [Linke]
Minuchin, S (1921). Families family therapy, )Translated by Bagir Sanai), Tehran: Amikabir. [Persian] [Linke]
‏Moore, G. F., Cox, R., Evans, R. E., Hallingberg, B., Hawkins, J., Littlecott, H. J., ... & Murphy, S. (2018). School, peer and family relationships and adolescent substance use, subjective wellbeing and mental health symptoms in wales: a cross-sectional study. Child indicators research, 11(6), 1951-1965. [Linke]
Nemati Sogolitappeh, F., Salehi, K., Rahimi, F., Khaledian, M. (2020). Components of Quality of Marital Life: A Meta-Composite Study. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 10(1), 45-68. [Persian] [Linke]
Olson, D. H. (2000). Circumplex model of marital and family systems. Journal of family therapy, 22(2), 144-167.‏ [Linke]
Olson, D. H., Sprenkle, D. H., & Russell, C. S. (1979). Circumplex model of marital and family systems: I. Cohesion and adaptability dimensions, family types, and clinical applications. Family Process, 18(1), 3-28.‏ [Linke]
Park, H., & Lee, K. S. (2020). The association of family structure with health behavior, mental health, and perceived academic achievement among adolescents: a 2018 Korean nationally representative survey. BMC public health, 20(1), 1-10.‏ [Linke]
Rezapour Nasrabad, R (2018). Criteria of validity and reliability in qualitative research, Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences. 6(4), 499-493. [Persian] [Linke]
Sanai, Z (2009). Family and marriage scales, Tehran: Besat. [Persian] [Linke]
Santiago, C. D., Ros, A. M., Distel, L. M., Papadakis, J. L., Torres, S. A., Brewer, S. K., ... & Bustos, Y. (2020). Family Coping among Mexican-Origin Immigrants: Links to Child Mental Health. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(1), 182-194.‏ [Linke]
Scully, C., McLaughlin, J., & Fitzgerald, A. (2020). The relationship between adverse childhood experiences, family functioning, and mental health problems among children and adolescents: a systematic review. Journal of family therapy, 42(2), 291-316.‏ [Linke]
  Seyfizadeh Arany, M., Zareei Mahmodabadi, H., & Bakhshayesh, A. R (2020). The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital adjustment with mediation fear of in married people, Journal of Family Research. 15(4), 467-486. [Persian] [Linke]
sheivandi, K., hasanvand, F. (2020). Developing a Model for the Psychological Consequences of Corona Epidemic Anxiety and studying the Mediating Role of Spiritual Health. Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy, 11(42), 1-36. [Persian]  [Linke]
‏Sobol, S., & Ben‐Shlomo, S. (2019). Stress‐related mental health and growth among first‐time grandparents: The moderating role of family support. Stress and Health, 35(4), 503-515. [Linke]
Vest, B. M., Cercone Heavey, S., Homish, D. L., & Homish, G. G. (2017). Marital satisfaction, family support, and pre-deployment resiliency factors related to mental health outcomes for reserve and national guard soldiers. Military behavioral health, 5(4), 313-323. [Linke]
World Health Organisation (WHO). February 18th, 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report-29. [Linke]
World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) technical guidance. [Linke]
World Health Organization. Statement on the second of the International Health Regulation (2005). Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-Nov). Updated 2020. Accessed January 31, 2020. [Linke]
Wu, D., Yu, L., Yang, T., Cottrell, R., Peng, S., Guo, W., & Jiang, S. (2020). The impacts of uncertainty stress on mental disorders of Chinese college students: Evidence from a nationwide study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 243.‏ [Linke]
Xiao, C. (2020). A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-related psychological and mental problems: structured letter therapy. Psychiatry Investigation, 17(2), 175.‏  [Linke]

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 07 September 2020
  • Revise Date: 08 February 2021
  • Accept Date: 04 March 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics