تأثیر بازی‌درمانی مبتنی بر نظام خانواده روی جو خانواده و مشکلات رفتاری کودکان دچار اختلال فزون کنشی/کاستی‌ توجه

نوع مقاله : کاربردی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشدمشاوره خانواده،گروه روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه خاتم، تهران ایران.

2 استادیار گروه روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه خاتم، تهران ایران.

چکیده

پژوهش‌های فراوانی به‌صورت مجزا راجع به اثربخشی رویکرد خانواده­درمانی نظام‌دار در حل مشکلات خانواده و استفاده از بازی‌درمانی یا درمان­های خانواده‌مدار جهت کاهش مشکلات رفتاری کودکان مخصوصاً کودکان دچار اختلال فزون کنشی/کاستی‌ توجه بهره‌ فراوانی برده شده است در این پژوهش به تلفیق رویکرد نظام‌دار خانواده و بازی­درمانی برای کار با این کودکان و خانواده­هایشان پرداخته شد. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی بازی‌درمانی مبتنی بر نظام خانواده بر جو خانواده و مشکلات رفتاری کودکان دچار اختلال فزون کنشی/کاستی‌ توجه بود. در این پژوهش از طرح آزمایشی تک موردی از نوع خط پایه چندگانه استفاده شد. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه کودکان 6 تا 8 سال دچار اختلال فزون کنشی/کاستی‌ توجه و خانواده‌های آن‌ها در شهر تهران بودند که در سال 1399-1398 به مراکز مشاوره تصمیم، باران دانش و آفتاب زندگی مراجعه کرده بودند و 3 کودک به‌صورت در دسترس بر اساس ملاک‌های ورود انتخاب شدند. آزمودنی‌ها به‌صورت پلکانی زمانی وارد طرح پژوهشی شدند و 10 جلسه مداخله انجام شد. ابزارهای سنجش پژوهش حاضر پرسشنامه‌های مشکلات رفتاری کودکان (Rutter, 1967) و جو خانواده ( Moos & Moos,1994) بود. یافته‌های پژوهش بر اساس تحلیل دیداری و شاخص‌های آمار توصیفی، طراز، روند و تغییرپذیری مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان داد که بازی‌درمانی مبتنی بر نظام ‌خانواده بر بهبود جو خانواده (برای هر سه آزمودنی) و کاهش مشکلات رفتاری کودکان دچار اختلال فزون کنشی/کاستی‌ توجه (برای هر سه آزمودنی) مؤثر بود. یافته­ها کارایی بازی‌درمانی مبتنی بر نظام خانواده را بر مشکلات رفتاری و جو خانواده نشان می‌دهد؛ بنابراین پیشنهاد می­شود روانشناسان و درمانگران خانواده و کودک از این روش جهت بهبود مشکلات رفتاری و جو خانواده استفاده نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Family System Play Therapy on Family Environment and Behavioral Problems in Children with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hourieh MasoumiRad 1
  • Mandana Niknam 2
1 M.Sc. Family counseling, Department of psychology and Humanities, faculty of human science, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of psychology and Humanities, Faculty of humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Numerous studies have focused separately on the effectiveness of the systemic family therapy approach in solving family problems or using play therapy or family-centered therapies to reduce behavioral problems in children with ADHD. In this study, Family System therapy and play therapy were combined to work with these children and their families. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of family system play therapy on the family environment and behavioral problems of children with ADHD. In this study, a single case experimental design of multiple baselines was used. The statistical population included all children aged 6 to 8 years with ADHD and their families in Tehran who referred to "Tasmim", "AftabeZendegi", "baraneDanesh" counseling centers in 2020-2021, and 3 children were selected based on inclusion criteria. Subjects were randomly selected for the research project and 10 sessions of intervention were performed. The measuring instruments of the present study were the Rutter Children) Rutter, 1967( and the Moos Family Environment Scale )Moos & Moos, 1994). Findings were analyzed based on visual analysis and descriptive statistics, level, trend, and variability. Findings showed that Family System Play Therapy ‌was effective in improving the family environment (for all three subjects) and reducing the behavioral problems of children with ADHD (for all three subjects). Findings show the effectiveness of family system play therapy on the behavioral problem and family environment. Therefore, it is recommended that family and child psychologists and therapists use this method to improve behavioral problems and the family environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : play therapy
  • attention-deficit/ hyperactivity
  • family system
  • environment
  • behavioral problems

مراجع

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: USA. [link]
Avci, D., Selcuk, K. T., & Kaynak, S. (2018). The magnitude and determinants of emotional-behavioral problems in working adolescents in Turkey. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 32(1), 44-50. [link]
Bundgaard Larsen, Liva, Daley, David, Lange, Anne-Mette, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund, thomsen, PerHove & Rask, charlotte Ulrikka (2020). Effect of Parent Training on Health-Related Quality of Life in Preschool Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Secondary Analysis of Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 59(9), 1005–1098. [link]
Cummings, E., George, M., McCoy, K., & Davies, P. (2012). Interparental conflict in kindergarten and adolescent adjustment: Prospective investigation of emotional security as an explanatory mechanism. Child Development, 83(5), 1703-1715. [Link]
Daley, Lexie Pfeifer, Miller, Richard B., Bean, Roy A. & Oka, Megan (2019) Family System Play Therapy: An Integrative Approach, The American Journal of Family Therapy, 46(5), 421-436. [link]
Damen, H., Veerman, J.W., Vermulst, A.A. Ingrid Westerdijk & Ron H. J. Scholte (2020). Parental Empowerment and Child Behavioral Problems in Single and Two-Parent Families During Family Treatment. J Child Fam Stud, 29, 2824–2835. [link]
Danforth J., Harvey, E., Wendy, R., Ulaszek, t & McKee, T.E. (2006). The outcome of group parent training for families of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and defiant/aggressive behavior. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 37(3), 188-205. [link]
Ghasemzade, Sogand, MatbouRiahi, Minoo, Alavi, Zahra & Hasanzadeh, Mitra (2018). Effectiveness of family-based intervention and play therapy on the parenting style of mothers and clinical symptoms in children with separation anxiety disorder. Journal of Research in Psychological Health. 11(4), 74-88. [Persian] [link]
Goldenberg, Herbert & Goldenberg, Irene. Family Therapy: An Overview. Translate by Mehrdad FirouzBakht (2019). Tehran: Rasa. [Persian] [link]
Gregory, Jenifer,  Kivisto, Katherine Little,  Perdue, Neil H  and  Estell, David B. (2019). Father-child play, child emotional dysregulation, and adolescent internalizing symptoms: A longitudinal multiple mediation analysis. Cambridge University Press.31(4), 1325-1338. [link]
Karami, Soghra (1994) (Investigation of Behavioral Disorders, Disorders after Trauma (PTSD) in children and adolescents aged 9-16 years Earthquake affected areas after 3 years compared to non-earthquake areas. Ph.D. Thesis in Psychiatry, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, University of Sciences Iranian Medicine. [link]
Khanzade, Abbas-Ali, BaghbanVahidi, Mansoure & Nedaee, Nahid (2017). The Impact of Training Mothers of Autistic Children for Effective Communication Skills on Family Emotional Conditions, Adaptability and Cohesion. Journal of Exceptional Children. 164, 39-50. [Persian] [link]
Lindahl, K., Bregman, H., & Malik, N. (2012). Family boundary structures and child adjustment: The indirect role of emotional reactivity. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, 839-847. [link]
Mahmoudi, Nasrin, Mousavi, Roghaye (2019). Investigating the Effective Factors and Family Structure on Children's ADHD. Journal of Counseling Research. 18(69), 230-253. [Persian] [link]
Malekpour, Mokhtar, Hadi, Samira, Faramarzi, Salar, Eshqi, Ronak & Keshavarz, Amir (2015). Comparison of the Efficacy of Family Based, Child Based and Family-Child Based Interventions on the Rate of ADHD’s Symptoms in Children with ADHD. Journal of Family Counseling and Psychotherapy. 4(4), 653-672. [Persian] [link]
MollaSharifi, Sheyda, Vakhshvar, Hasan & Salimizade, MohammadKazem (2005). Standardization of family atmosphere scale for Iranian family living in Tehran.  Journal of Family Research. 1(3).255-267. [Persian] [link]
Moos, R. and Moos, B. (1994). Family Environment Scale Manual: Development Application, Research (3rd Edition), California: Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc. [link]
Moos, R. H., Cronkite, R. C., & Moos, B. S. (1998). The long-term interplay between family and extra family resources and depression. Journal of Family Psychology, 12(3), 326–343. [link]
Mousavi, Seyyedeh Fatemeh (2020). Exhaustion from Parenting Responsibilities in the Families living in Tehran: The Role of Fathers and Mothers' Involvement in Parental Functions. Journal of family counseling and psychotherapy, 10,1(29),271-298. [Persian] [link]
Mundy, L., Canterford, L., Olds, T., Allen, N. B., & Patton, G. C. (2017). The association between electronic media and emotional and behavioral problems in late childhood. Academic Pediatrics, 17(6), 620-624. [link]
Naeimi, Ebrahim, Saeidi, Milad, Kazemian, Somayeh (2019). Comparison of quality of life of single-parent couples with more than two children in families living in Tehran. Journal of family counseling and psychotherapy, 9,1(27),161-172. [Persian] [link]
Northey, W. F. (2007). Characteristics and clinical practices of marriage and family therapists: A national survey. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 28(4), 487–494. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-0606. 2002.tb00373.x [link]
Richmond M, Stocker C. (2006). Associations between family cohesion and adolescent siblings’ externalizing behavior. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(4), 663-669. [link]
 Rutter, Michael (1967). A children's behavior questionnaire for completion by children: preliminary findings. journal of child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8(1), 1-11. [link]
Sadeghi, Masood, Rahimipour, Tahere & Alimohammadi, Hossein (2017). The effect of resilience and psychological hardiness on the mental health of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 18(1), 30-37. [Persian] [link]
Sarmad, Zohre, Bazargan-Harandi, Abbas & Hejazi, Elahe (2020). Research Methods In Behavioral Science. Tehran: Agah. [Persian] [link]
Sbicigo B, Dell'Aglio DD. (2012). Family environment and psychological adaptation in adolescents. Academic Journal, 25(3), 18- 23. [link]
Schachar, R., Rutter, M., & Smith, A. (1981). The characteristics of situationally and pervasively hyperactive children: Implications for syndrome definition. Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 22(4), 375–392. [link]
Taghaza, Mojgan, Abolmaali, Kadije & Saberi, Hayede (2012). Comparison of family's emotional setting in Hyperactive versus normal children. Journal of behavioral science, 4(11), 9-26. [Persian] [link]
Taylor LK, Merrilees CE, Goeke-Morey MC, Shirlow P, Cummings EM (2014). Trajectories of Adolescent Aggression and Family Cohesion: The potential to Perpetuate or Ameliorate Political Conflict. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 13, 1-15. [link]
Torabi, Aliakbar, Afrooz, Gholamali, Hasani, Fariba & Golshani, Fateme (2020). Designing a Family-Centered Behavioral Management Program (FBMP) and Assessing its Effectiveness in Reducing Symptoms of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Child Mental Health, 7 (1), 351-370. [Persian] [link]
Trahan, M. H. (2018). Paternal self-efficacy and father involvement: A bi-directional relationship. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 19(4), 624–634.  [link]
Willhelmsen-Langeland, Ane, Aradal, H., Hjelmseth, K.H. Fyhn & Stige, S.H. (2020). An Emotion-Focused Family Therapy workshop for parents with children 6-12 years increased parental self-efficacy. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 25(1).29-41. [link]
Wong, Hawes, Clarke& Kohn. (2018). Perceptions of ADHD Among Diagnosed Children and Their Parents: A Systematic ReviewUsing the Common-Sense Model of Illness Representations. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21(1), 57-93. [link]
Yousefi, Shakila, Soltanifar, Atefe, Teymouri, Saeed (2009). Parenting stress in mothers of children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 11(42), 115-122. [Persian] [link]

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 آذر 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 دی 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 اسفند 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار