نمود شناسی کشش زناشویی در میان همسرهای ایرانی: یک پژوهش کیفی

نوع مقاله : پژوهش اصیل

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

2 استاد گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

وجود کشش در رابطه زناشویی جهت ایجاد علاقه میان همسران ضروری است. افراد و گروه‌های گوناگون احتمالاً کشش را به شیوه‌های گوناگونی درک و تفسیر می‌کنند. هدف این پژوهش نمودشناسی کشش زناشویی در میان زوج‌های ایرانی با رویکرد کیفی بود. شرکت‎کنندگان 17 نفر از زنان و مردان ایرانی دارای تجربه زندگی مشترک با همسر به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند با بیشترین گوناگونی انتخاب شدند. داده‏ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساخت‌یافته، با پرسیدن پرسش‌های باز درباره اهداف پژوهش گردآوری شد. داده‌ها با روش تحلیل درون‌مایه کیفی سنتی تحلیل شد. بر پایه برآیندها، شرکت‎کنندگان در پژوهش کشش زناشویی را همچون دوست‌داشتنی بودن و خوشایندی رابطه زناشویی ادراک می‌کنند و کشش زناشویی دربرگیرنده دو مقوله اصلی کشش همسر (دربرگیرنده مؤلفه‌های کشش ظاهری، عاطفی، رفتاری، فکری، اخلاقی و اجتماعی) و کشش رابطه همسری (دربرگیرنده مؤلفه‌های پایداری، لذت، خوشنودی، آرامش و شادی) بود. بررسی مفهوم کشش زناشویی در بافت‌های فرهنگی دیگر و فرآوری ابزار برای سنجش آن و توجه به ابعاد مفهومی کشش زناشویی در آموزش، ارزیابی، مشاوره و درمان زناشویی، پیشنهاد گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Phenomenology of Marital Attraction among Iranian Spouses: A Qualitative Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kobra Namvaran Germi 1
  • Alireza Moradi 2
  • Valiollah Farzad 3
  • Kianoush Zahrakar 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Counseling, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Attraction in the marital relationship is necessary to create interest between spouses. Different individuals and groups probably perceive and interpret marital attraction in different ways. Objective: The objective of this research was the phenomenology of marital attraction among Iranian spouses using a qualitative. Method: The participants were 17 Iranian women and men who had the experience of common-life with their spouses by purposive sampling with maximum variation (2016-2017). The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews by asking open questions about the research goals. The data were analyzed through Conventional Qualitative Content Analysis. Findings: According to the findings, the participants perceive marital attraction as a lovable and pleasant marital relationship. Marital attraction involves two main categories: attraction of spouse (including appearance, emotional, behavioral, intellectual, moral, and social attraction) and attraction of marital relationship (including consistency, joy, satisfaction, tranquility, and happiness). Conclusion: Studying the concept of marital attraction in other cultural contexts, providing an instrument for its assessment, using marital attraction conceptual dimensions in marital training, evaluating, counseling, and therapy, were suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • phenomenology
  • marital attractiveness
  • spouses
  • Iranian spouses
  • qualitative researc
Abdollah, I. Y., Hadi, H. M. Ei., & Abdou, H. A. (2020). The Impact of Male Physical Attractiveness in Predicting Wives' Marital Satisfaction. Benha Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(6)(2), 295-299. https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bjas.2020.137143
Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44(4), 709-716. https://doi/10.1037/0003-066X.44.4.709
Allendorf, K., & Ghimire, D. J. (2013). Determinants of Marital Quality in an Arranged Marriage Society. Social Science Research, 42, 59-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.09.002
Aron, A., & Lewandowsky, G. (2001). International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Interpersonal Attraction. Elsevier Ltd. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080430767017873
Avani, M., & Zarei Mahmoodabadi, H. (2021). Investigation on the Reasons and Backgrounds of Women's Extramarital Relations from Men's Perspective: A Grounded Theory. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 29, 125-150. http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1628597042-10113-29-6.pdf
Bankipour Fard, A. H. (2014). Pathology of the family institution in Iran with the emphasis on marriage and divorce qualification. Tehran: Islamic Iranian Pattern of Progress Center. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/3648440
Bakhtiarpoor, S., & Ameri, Z. (2009). Relationship between Spouse-Specific Dependency and Irrational Beliefs with Burnout among Ahvaz Teachers. New Findings in Psychology, 4(10), 53-70. https://www.sid.ir/FileServer/JF/25913881004
Braxton-Davis, P. (2010). The Social Psychology of Love and Attraction. McNair Scholars Journal, 14(1), Article 2. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1235&context=mcnair
Busby, D. M., Christensen, C., Crane, D. R., & Larson, J. H. (1995). A revision of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale for use with distressed and nondistressed couples: Construct hierarchy and multidimensional scales. Marital and Family Therapy, 21(3), 289-308. https://doi/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1995.tb00163.x
Enache, R. G. (2013). Study on the Relationship between Communication and Marital Attachment in Romanian Families. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 811-814. https://doi/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.652
Estrada, R. I. (2009). An Examination of Love and Marital Satisfaction in Long-term Marriages. Ph.D. Dissertation. The University of Denver, Denver, USA. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/185
Fasihy, A. (2011). Quality Management in Qualitative Research. Research, 3(2), 45-66. http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20130115083625-9711-40.pdf
Graham, J. M., Liu, Y. J., & Jeziorski, J. L. (2006). The Dyadic Adjustment Scale: A reliability generalization meta-analysis. Marriage and Family, 68(3), 701-717. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00284.x
Goddard, N. (2011). Core Psychiatry, Psychology. Wright, P., Stern, J. & Phelan, M. (Eds), Elsevier LTD. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780702033971/core-psychiatry#book-info
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research, Handbook of qualitative research. London CA: Sage. https://eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/file.php/PPP356/Guba%20&%20Lincoln%201994.pdf
Hadian, S., & Amini, D. (2019). Prediction Of Marital Disturbance Based On Emotional Intelligence, Communication Skills And Marital Conflicts Of Married Students Of Hamedan Azad University. Women’s Studies, 10(1), 179-211. https://www.sid.ir/FileServer/JF/4016313982709
Heshmatian N., Taiiari Asl, E., Koobineghad M. B., & Shojaii, M. A. (2019). Bond-Seeking and Interpersonal Attraction: A Way to exit from Interpersonal Crisis in Iran. Sixth Conference of Psychology and Educational and Social Science, Babol, Iran. https://civilica.com/doc/906450/
Karimi Saany, P., Esmaili, M., Falsafineghad, M., Shafiabadi, A., Frahbakhsh, K., & Ehyaee, K. (2010). Compiling Pre-marriage Counseling Content According to Identification of Ethical and Spiritual Factors and Skills Predicative of a Successful Marriage among the Couples of Tabriz. Woman and Family Studies, 2(7), 121-132. https://www.sid.ir/FileServer/JF/6007413890707.pdf
Karandashev, V., & Fata, B. (2014). Change in Physical Attraction in Early Romantic Relationships. Interpersonal, 8(2), 257–267. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v8i2.167
Khalatbari, J., Ghorbanshiroudi, S., Niaz Azari, K., Bazleh, N., & Safaryazdi, N. (2013). The Relationship between Marital Satisfaction (Based on Religious Criteria) and Emotional Stability. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 869–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.664
Khodadadi, J., Nazari, A. M., Ahmadi, K., & Hasani, J. (2014). Identifying the Successful Marriage: A qualitative and exploratory study. Strategic Studies For Exercise and Young Persons, 25, 9-23. https://civilica.com/doc/1213105
Kojastemehr, R., & Mohammadi, R. (2017). The experience of happiness in enduring marriages: A qualitative study. Family Psychology, 3(2), 59-70. https://www.sid.ir/FileServer/JF/4023613950203
Larsen, K. S., Ommundsen, R., & Van Der Veer, K. (2018). Being Human: Attraction and Relationship, the journey from initial attachment to Romantic Love. USA: Rosenberg. http://rozenbergquarterly.com/attraction-and-relationships-the-journey-from-initial-attachments-to-romantic-love/
Luo, S., & Zhang G. (2009). What Leads to Romantic Attraction: Similarity, Reciprocity, Security, or Beauty? Evidence From a Speed-Dating Study. Personality, 77(4), 933-963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00570.x
McNulty James K., Neff Lisa A., & Karney Benjamin R. (2008). Beyond Initial Attraction: Physical Attractiveness in Newlywed Marriage. Family Psychology, 22)1(, 135–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.22.1.135
Mohammadi, S. B. (2013). Examining the Model of Warm Relationships Between Spouses. Women’s Studies, 4(1), 163-197. https://www.sid.ir/FileServer/JF/4016313920107.pdf
 Mohammad Pour, A. (2010). Anti-Method. Tehran: Sociologists. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/2268623
MohammadSadegh, A., Kalantar Koosheh, S. M., & Naimi, E. (2018). The Experience of Sexual Problems in Women Seeking Divorce and Women Satisfied with their Marriage: A Qualitative Study. A Qualitative Research. Health Sciences, 7(1), 35-47. http://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_90919.html
Nemati Sogholitappeh, F., Salehi, K., Sadat Karimi, F., & Khaledin, M. (2020). Components of Quality of Marital Life: A Meta-Composite Study. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 29, 45-68. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22516654.1399.10.1.3.4
Perry, S. J. (1998). A study of physical appearance and level of attraction to the opposite sex. Modern Psychological Studies, 6(2), 12-17. https://scholar.utc.edu/mps/vol6/iss2/3
Saffarynia, M., & Hasanzadeh, P. (2012). Social Psychiatry Words Dictionary. Tehran: Arjomand. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/2859606
Shults, J. (2013). Factors of Attraction and Relationship Satisfaction: The Love-is-Blind Bias and Perceived Risk of Infidelity. Florida State University Libraries. A Thesis. http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_uhm-0205
Shakerian, A. (2010). Evaluation of the factors influencing marital satisfaction in the students of Islamic Azad University in Sanandaj. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 14(4), 40-49. http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-274-fa.html
 Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Marriage and the Family. 38(1), 15-28. https://doi/10.2307/350547
Sprecher S. & Hatfield E. (1985). Interpersonal Attraction. In: Stricker G., Keisner R.H. (Eds) From Research to Clinical Practice. Boston: Springer. http://www.elainehatfield.com/publications.html
Sternberg, R. J. (1986). A Triangular Theory of Love. Psychological Review, 93(2), 119-135. https://doi/10.1037/0033-295X.93.2.119
Tobore, T. O. (2020). Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Love: The Quadruple Theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 862. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2020.00862
Vangelisti, A. (2004). Handbook of Family Communication. New Jersey: LEA. https://silo.pub/handbook-of-family-communication-leas-communication-series.html
Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. New York: The State University of New York. https://www.amazon.com/Researching-Lived-Experience-Sensitive-Philosophy/dp/0791404250
Willoughby, B. J., Hall, S. S., & Luczak, H. P. (2015). Marital Paradigms: A Conceptual Framework for Marital Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs. Family Issues, 36(2), 188–211. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192513X13487677
Yeh W. C., Lee C. C., Yu C., Wu P. S., Chang J. Y., & Huang J. H. (2020). The Impact of the Physical Attractiveness and Intellectual Competence on Loyalty. Sustainability, 12(10), 3970. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12103970